
The RoHS concept (Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) since 2006, requires that many electrical and electronic equipment must no longer contain a concentration by atomic weight of more than 0.1% of Pb, Me, Cr (hexavalent) etc., because of their danger to the environment.
Codex International, in partnership with the UPHF in Valenciennes, is developing a range of lead-free piezoelectric targets: BNT-BT, KNN, NBT, etc., with performances comparable or even superior to PZT targets.
The objective is to develop reliable process for manufacturing marketable ceramic targets of NBT, NBT-BT and KNN, with a relative density > 90%, with controlled stoichiometry and while avoiding the volatility of alkalis.
Découvrez aussiSince its first demonstration in 2004, the large-scale commercial production of graphene has proven difficult and costly (‘large scale’ usually defined as weights more than 200 mg or films larger than 200 cm2). For instance, at an estimated cost of $50 000 to $200 000 per ton for graphene powders and $45 000 to $100 000 per m2 of graphene film, industrial production methods and costs are restraining graphene utility.
Lire la suiteThe energy and transportation sector often make use of different kinds of fluid machinery, including pumps, turbines, and aircraft engines, all of which entail a high carbon footprint. This result mainly from inefficiencies in the fluid machinery caused by flow separation around curved surfaces, which are typically quite complex in nature.
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