materiaux

In recent years, scientists have been studying special materials called topological materials, with special attention paid to the shape, i.e., topology, of their electronic structures (electronic bands). Although it is not visible in real space, their unusual shape in topological materials produces various unique properties that can be suitable for making next-generation devices.

It is vital for the procedure in-situ to be observed in many high vacuum and ultra-high vacuum (HV/UHV) processes. The challenge is that any optical component must penetrate the hermetically sealed chamber but not compromise the quality of the vacuum.