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A growing demand for smart fabrics in different fields that not only serves traditional requirements of protection, safety, fashion, and convenience but also can adjust themselves according to the exterior environment has encouraged textile industries to work on next-generation smart fabrics.

The vast amount of research that has been performed on three-dimensional (3D) printing has inspired manufacturers of technical ceramics to incorporate this advancing technology into their production process.

Among the promising developments of nanotechnology in recent years, has been the development of the so-called bottom-up manufacturing of nanomaterials. This is the process by which materials at tiny scales and properties on the nanoscale (between 1 nm and 100 nm, or one and one hundred billionths of a meter) are manufactured through chemical growth from a material – known as epitaxy.

Graphene is an extraordinary material, the only basic member of a family of 2D carbon materials. With its unique mechanical and physical properties, it is a superb filler at the nanoscale, in metal matrix composite materials. It can easily disperse into the matrix and is cheaper than its closest competitor, carbon nanotubes, which enhance strength and function. The increased surface-to-volume ratio of graphene also means that its properties are better reflected in the composite.

Conjugated microporous polymers, CMPs, are a sub-class of porous materials linked to structures such as zeolites, metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks. They are a unique material, combining extended π-conjugation with a permanently microporous skeleton; they are amorphous rather than crystalline and possess conductivity, mechanical rigidity and insolubility.

Superconductivity at room temperature is still an unsolved challenge in science. A superconductor with the capability of operating at ambient temperatures might have the capacity to reduce the energy dissipation by almost 5% during electricity transmission. This would bring a paradigm shift in large-scale energy transmission and energy usage in small-scale computing systems, while it may also work as a reservoir for energy storage. Room-temperature superconductors have the potential to revolutionize the energy industry.

Recent space projects such as NASA’s plan to create a permanent moon base and SpaceX’s method of reaching planet Mars has led to a new burst of technological innovation across the aerospace industry. Such developments are seen in the field of component manufacturing, where 3D printing has allowed for flexibility during the design process.

Certain areas of scientific research require atomically clean surfaces and low rates of contamination. In these instances, the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environments are essential.

With the advancing of material science, nowadays the thin film deposition technology is developing quickly and has a crucial role in our everyday lives. Thin film deposition is the act of applying a thin film on the surface of another material. It is used in the manufacturing of devices such as computers and thin film transistors. It also finds applications in the production of semiconductors as well as in simple everyday objects as a typical household mirror.