materiaux

As the electric vehicle (EV) industry is advancing, so are the efforts in the research and development of superior lithium (Li)-ion batteries to power these vehicles. Exploring and expanding rapid charge-discharge technology and extended battery life are critical challenges in their development. A few factors, such as the diffusion of Li ions, characteristics of the electrode-electrolyte interface, and electrode porosity, can help overcome these issues achieve extreme fast charging and ultralong life.

It is vital for the procedure in-situ to be observed in many high vacuum and ultra-high vacuum (HV/UHV) processes. The challenge is that any optical component must penetrate the hermetically sealed chamber but not compromise the quality of the vacuum.