optique

Additive manufacturing, also called three-dimensional (3D) printing, has become a robust production technology with many advantages over conventional fabrication techniques, including lower energy and material requirements.

Thin-film optics is the branch of optics that focuses on thin, structured layers of different materials. These layers range from a fraction of a nanometer up to several micrometers thick but are usually in the order of the wavelengths of ultraviolet light, which is about 500nm. Their synthesis is controlled via deposition, with one or more layers of material layered onto the substrate, usually via physical vapor deposition.