Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that have been decorated with nanoparticles are effective biological and chemical sensors, photovoltaics, electronic conformal thermal interface substances, and surfaces for heterogeneous catalysis. The particle structure of the sidewalls of the CNT has an effect on the performance and properties of metal-nanotube hybrids for these types of applications.

Developing clean alternatives to nuclear and fossil energy is essential for the growth of sustainable economies. One of the most attractive alternatives is photovoltaic (PV) technology, using the almost limitless power of the sun to generate electricity.