Collecting energy from environmental waste heat such as that lost from the human body is an attractive prospect to power small electronics sustainably. A thermocell is a type of energy-harvesting device that converts environmental heat into electricity through the thermal charging effect.

CVD is a well-known technique in the nanofabrication space known for being able to take a vaporized reactant and deposit it onto a surface to form a thin film. There are many thin films and nanomaterials which can be fabricated using CVD, with the most notable being graphene.